Document Type | Modernised |
---|---|
Code | Greaves |
Printer | John Legate |
Type | |
Year | 1594 |
Place | London |
Grammatica anglicana, praecipue quatenus a latina differt, ad unicam P. Rami methodum concinnata. in qua perspicue docetur quicquid ad huius linguae cognitionem requiritur. Authore Paulo Greaves. Cantabrigiae, Ex Officina Iohannis Legate. Extant Londini ad insigne Solis in Coemiterio. D. Pauli. 1594. {n. p.}
Ad librum ipsum
A. C. Ogdoasticon.
Parve (nec obtrectent parvis qui magna requirunt)
Cur metuis vultus, verba, minasque virum.
Zoilus an moveas? genitor tuus arma ministrat.
Ingenio, studiis, arte, labore suo,
Sufficit (aut fallor) magis et elementibus illud,
Quod primo genitum, sis genitoris opus.
Ergo (quid obstat) abi. Vocesque, legentibus istas
Ingeminato, patris parcite primitiis.
Liber.
Laudatus abunde.
Non fastiditus si tibi lector ero.
{n. p.}
Lectori salutem
Non dubito quin vix conspecto titulo, hunc librum plane novitium, divinabis lector, cuius inscriptionis novitate ad legendum etiam facilius invitari poteris. Sed ut expectationi aliqua ex parte prius satis fiat, quam librum quantumvis brevi et succincta methodo conscriptum, penitius examines, causas (si placeat) aperiam, quibus impulsus, ad huius tantuli argumenti leviusculam, vereor ne verius horridiusculam tractationem accessi, quas cum intellexeris, non diffido quin hanc meam lucubratriunculam sis candido animo accepturus.
Quanti nominis, haec Anglicana regio, inter caeteros inferioris huius mundi tractus, semper fuit, hodieque est, nemini potest esse obscurum: cum hoc vetustissimi annalium codices {A2} referant, illustrium virorum elogia concelebrent; doctissimorum hominum scripta confirment; exteri non sine admiratione contestentur. Ut non sit dubium, quin universi splendoris gloria, famaeque celebritate, cum summis, et potentissimis orbis terrarum imperiis, facile conferri possit. Caeterum inter tot divina munera φανερὰ divina φιλίαϛ τεκμήρια quibus ita undique cincti et circumsepti sumus, ut merito nobis invideant, et admirentur omnes, et inter infinita paene naturae beneficia, quae tam multo et amico imbri in nos hactenus effuderit, ut ne quicquam, aut ad necessitatem utilius, aut ad voluptatem iucundius amplius desiderari possit: unico sermonis ornamento parce nimis, et tenuiter donati videamur: ac si in reliquis mater, maternae tam benegnitatis oblita, in novercam primo degenerasset. At credo magis (nam quidvis quam hoc) prudens ideo volensque deliquit, ut quemadmodum mulierculae delicatulae, et mimicae, in amictu corporis, quaedam neglecta, aut non aeque saltem omnia elaborata, ad maiorem corporis venustatem, totiusque habitus splendorem relinquunt, sic nave huius defectusque collatione, reliqua sua ornamenta {n. p.} veluti in contraria luce posita, candidiora multo et splendidiora redderet. Non enim cum Graecis hominibus, aut Latinis, sermonis puritate, et elegantia contendimus, qui huius facultatis laude, ut nobis, sic reliquis omnibus nationibus iure sese praelatos iactitant. At Gallis, Italis, Germanis, Hispanis, caeterisque gentibus, quibus natura non tam aequa arrisit, ne tantillum quidem de nostro iure concedendum puto. Si Gallus verborum facilitatem, et mimicam prolationis elegantiam requirat, ipsas suaviorum deas mulierculas et puellulas nostrae regionis aures animosque hominum, ipsa Sirenum suavitate permulcentes consulturus eat. Si Italus suam in verbis gravitatem, et modestiam iactet, non linguam solum, sed ipsum ortum, et genus ab illis, nos traxisse glorietur, qui usque ad hodiernum diem, ut corporum habitu, et moribus, nihil paene discrepantes, sic linguae sono illis persimiles habemur. Si Germanus vim verborum et vehementiam obiiciat, quid quaeso non persuadeat Anglus, cuius singula verba tot fere argumenta. Quid dicam plura? Nisi nostram solam ex tot linguis perfectam, et quod in unoquoque genere optimum, illud sibi delibasse. Testes sunt {A3} tot egregis et illustres scriptores, qui ad aeternam posteritatis memoriam, hanc linguam suis studiis excoluere, ut nihil ad eius foelicitatem maius potuisset accedere, nihilominus vix unus ex tot millibus, (quod dictu mirabile est) unquam extitit, qui tantum linguae puritatem exercuit, quantum omnes eloquentiam, et rhetoricam facultatem: ut dicere magis quam loqui, et rhetoricae prius quam Grammaticae, operam dedisse existimentur. Experientia docet, plerosque haud mediocri eruditione praeditos, natione Anglos, cum in aliis linguis accurate omnia dictitant, modernae huius et nativae scriptione, turpiter omnino hallucinatos esse; taceo nomina, vitia dum reprehendo. Huiusmodi locutiones passim in usu sunt. More better, such works was finished. He spake it to she. Whose fountains is dried up. Non mirum si vulgus barbare omnino loquatur, cum qui docti, et sunt, et habentur, tam inscite, et impure scribunt. Quid dicam quantis hinc molestiarum undique procellis, puerorum ingeniola contorquentur. Qui enim peregrinis literis initiandis, de singularum vocum variis flexionibus, aut coniunctarum syntactica {n. p.} convenientia, et rectione constabit prius, quam lingua sua vernacula, proprioque idiomate, haec quomodo cohaereant, quid quibusque respondeat, cognitum habeant et exploratum, cui tamen morbo, si illi literarum magistri, et doctores, qui per se meliora excogitare nolunt, aut nequeunt, his nostris inventis occurrere voluerint, haud inutilem meo iudicio navabunt operam. Quid autem hinc exteri, in quorum praecipue gratiam, haec primum chartarum schedulis credidi, consequunturi sint commodi, non dubito quin libenter, gratisque animis agnoscent. Nec illud solum sed praeclusum sibi ad celeberrimae huius linguae perceptionem, tot saeculis aditum, mea unius opera reclusum iam tandem, et reseratum serio triumphabunt. Nec tamen is sum qui quis sim nesciam, aut cui haec adeo pulchra videntur, omnibusque suis numeris absoluta, ut quibus nihil addi commode aut detrahi etiam fortasse putem, quin hoc ipso potius nomine, vel maxime imperfecta, quod iam primo inventa sint, tantumque abest, ut ad retardandos aliorum conatus hic noster labor institutus sit, ut ad acuendam potius eorum diligentiam primo susceptus videatur, ut qui possint, velint, qui velint, {A4} me suasore pergant, ad polienda ac perficienda eaque a me, crassa (quod aiunt) Minerva, et indignante Mercurio primo inchoata fuerint. Interim quid praestare conatus sum, ingenuus et honesti laboris aequus aestimator facile intelliges lector, studiumque meum qualecumque id sit probabis non dubito, et me de bonis literis bene mereri sedulo operam dare testaberis omnino mihi persuadeo. Bene vale oct. Cal. Iun. Anno humanae salutis. 1594.
Tibi in Christo
devinctissimus,
P. Gr. {n. p.}
Grammatica Anglicana praecipue quatenus a latina differt.
Cap. 1.
De litera.
Vocales quinque, a, e, i, o, u. Nam y earum numero prorsus expungendum puto.
Consonae sunt Semivocales, vel Mutae. Semivocales sunt l, m, n, r, s, x, z.
Mutae, b, c, d, f, g, k, p, q, t: fiunt etiam i, et u, consonae, quoties sibi vel aliis vocalibus, in eadem syllaba praeponuntur, scribuntur autem sic, j, v, ut object, invention. In numerum consonantium y etiam ascisci debet, at praefixum vocali, eique coniunctum, ut yet, yonder. {n. p.}
V quoque geminatum parit consonantem, ut wit.
H nihil habet literae, praeter figuram, est tantum index aspirationis literis ad latus appositae, ut thing.
Omnibus vocalibus praeest, ut have, help, hind, hog, hurt.
Subest vero consonantibus sex, c, g, p, t, w, s, ut chalk, ghost, philosophy, shadow, thief, what.
E mutis c, et t, valorem et sonum saepius aliarum consonantium exhibent, quod fit diversae dispositionis ratione cum vocalibus.
C autem duplex est convenientia, cum k, aut s.
Cum k, quando praecedit a, u, o, immediate, ut call, custom, college, mediate, ut crab, club, clock. Aut i vel e mediante consona, ut crime, clemency. Denique cuiusque syllabae ultima, ut accord.
Profertur vero ut s, subsequente e, vel i immediate, in eadem syllaba, ut censure, city. {n. p.}
Distinctum autem ab utrisque sonum vendicat, cum aspiratur, ut child, such, ob id credo, quod K aspirationis capax non est.
T autem sonat ut c quoties syllaba etiam sequens incipit a vocali, ut condition, excipe quando praeit x, s, aut mediat h, ut mixtion, bustian, filthiest.
F consonae v affine est.
G litera, eodem proferenda est sono, quo apud latinos in Gallus, ut garter, give, gulf, again, excipias gibbet, gibe, giblets, giant, gillie, ginger, ubi effertur ut g in gilvus. Item praepositum immediate i in medio, ut urging, et e, ubique, ut gentle, changed: praeterquam in geese, gear, geld, guess, get, quae dato praecepto omnimodo quadrant.
N ante g medium quiddam sonat inter n et g, ut anger.
P aspiratum valet f, ut physic.
Perperam profertur S pro z, ut az, iz, wize, pro as, is, wise. {n. p.}
Literarum characteres sunt numero 26, qui vulgari alphabeto ad hunc modum ordinantur.
a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. n. o. p. q. r. s. t. v. u. w. x. y. z.
Cap. 2.
De syllaba.
Syllaba est, qua sonus integer comprehenditur.
Estque literae unius aut plurium.
Unius, ut vocalis quaelibet.
Plurium, quando plures literae simul congregantur.
Estque aut vocalium tantum, aut vocalium et consonantium.
Vocalium coniunctio, diphthongus appellatur.
Est autem diphthongus, vocalium durarum, vel plurium coniunctio.
Duarum, est eiusdem, vel diversarum.
Eiusdem vocalis duplicatio est aut ee, {n. p.} ut sleep, vel oo, ut book.
Diversarum, ut ai faith au, authority, ea ut reason, ei ut receive, eo ut people, oa ut oar, oi ut void, ou ut ould [old].
Plurium, ubi plures duabus conveniunt vocales, ut eau, beauty.
Vocalium et consonantium, ubi promiscue coniunguntur vocales cum consonis, ut crime.
Syllaba plurium, quam septem literarum capax non est, ut knottes [knotts].
Et vocales ultra duas, aut vocalem, et diphthongum non recipit.
Non plures quam tres consonae antecedere vocalem, nec nisi tres consequi possint.
Nulla syllaba plures duabus mutis, aut semivocalibus, iuxta se positas habet.
In principio duae mutae nusquam concurrunt, et semivocales tantum, sl, sm, sn, ut slay, smoke, snake. Nam altera semivocalis, altera semper {n. p.} muta est. ut sc, scarce; sp, spice; st, stick; bl, black; cl, clark; fl, flint; gl, glove; pl, place; gn, gnat; kn, knave; br, bread; cr, cream; dr, dream; fr, frog; gr, grave; pr, practise; tr, trencher; et sw, swan.
In medio, et fine, quaelibet cuilibet coniungi potest, at q semper praecedit consonam v [u], ut quake.
Cap. 3.
De substantivo.
Vox numeri est nomen aut verbum. Nomen est substantivum, aut adiectivum.
Substantivum pluralem flectit, a singulari in s, ut singul. horse, plur. horses. Ad commodius vero pronunciandum interdum interponimus e, ut branch, branches.
Anomalia vero multiplex est. ut man, {n. p.} men; goose, geese; cow, kine [cows]; ox, oxen; child, children; tooth, teeth; foot, feet; brother, brethren; louse, lice; mouse, mice. Huc vertentia f in v, ut staff, staves [staffs]; beef, beeves; life, lives; sheaf, sheaves; thief, thieves; wife, wives; knife, knives.
Infinita numero, news, deer, hose, sheep, swine, people.
Carentia altero. Singulari.
Affairs, barbes, cates, bowels.
Potage, ashes, shambles.
Furmenty, dregs, bellows.
Dainties, scissors, entrals.
Shear, tongs.
Plurali. Primo finita in -ness, ut godliness, goodness.
2. In -lity, ut agility, facility.
3. In -dice, ut cowardice.
4. Nomina artium, ut logic, rhetoric.
5. Liquidorum, ut cider, milk; at waters, et wines legimus. {n. p.}
6. Mineralium, ut brass, copper.
7. Herbarum, ut parsley, sage.
8. Frumentorum, ut barley, wheat, at oat, bean, fitch, retinent pluralem.
9. Aromarum, ut sugar, pepper, at nutmeg, fig, raisin, almond, gaudent plurali.
10. Regionum, ut France, England.
11. Fluviorum, ut Tweed, Humber.
12. Mensium, ut January, February.
13. Hominum, ut Christopher, Margaret.
Addas insuper.
Apparel, bacon, balm, brain, bread, chaff, glass.
Bombast, butter, canvas, chalk, civet, grass.
Clay, cockle, darnel, dirt, draff, dross, dung, muck.
Phlegm, flesh, fodder, food, forage, froth, hay, luck.
Dust, wool, garlic, hell, glue, leather, grease, flax. {n. p.}
Hemp, lard, line, mortar, lucre, suet, wax.
Mud, marl, mirth, mustard, paradise, plate, lime.
Saffron, soot, tallow, tar, pitch, tinder, slime.
Tow, wood, corn, timber.
Faecundissimus hic omnium adiectivorum ortus est, in -less, cuius substantivique connexu fiunt, ut faithless, toothless, wifeless, horseless, id est, without faith, teeth, wife, horse.
Cap. 4.
De adiectivo.
In adiectivis distinctio numeri nulla est, nisi gratia substantivi singularis, aut pluralis, dicantur singularia, aut pluralia, ut sweet apple, sweet apples, at {B1} sing. much, every, et poetice ech [each] plur. many, all,
Sundry et both sunt tantum pluralia.
Plerisque adiectivis accidit comparatio.
Comparatio fit dupliciter, aut postponendo syllabam, aut praeponendo vocem.
Syllabae sunt er, et est.
Er adiectum absoluto, dat comparatum, est superlativum, ut sweet, sweeter, sweetest, at, old, older, vel elder, oldest, vel eldest.
Secunda comparatio fit praepositione vocis, voces sunt more, et most.
More absoluto prefixum, facit gradum comparativum.
Most vero superlativum, Ut fair, more fair, most fair.
Ad eundem modum comparantur adverbia in -ly, ab adiectivis deducta, {n. p.} ut honestly, more honestly, most honestly.
Comparationis anomaliam habent sequentia. Good, better, best. evil, vel ill, worser, worst. Sing. much, more. Plur. Many, more, most. Little, lesser, lest.
Utimur autem plerumque worse, et less, pro comparativis worser, et lesser.
Item adverbia ab his enata, eandem comparationem admittunt, at pro good, et evil, adverbialiter ponimus well, et evilly.
Ex adiectivis fiunt substantiva qualitatis, appositione syllabae -ness, ut good, goodness. Et adverbia adiecta -ly, ut honest, honestly. At in adverbiis adiectivorum in -ly, ultima raro iteratur, ut daily, godly, non dailily, godlily.
Adiectivis annumerantur etiam articulus {B2} the, apud Italos, il, lo, vel la, apud, Gallos le, vel la, et voces numerales, cardinalium numerorum nomina, supra monadem sunt pluralia.
Eaque sunt simplicium, decadum, coniunctorum.
Simplicium nomina sunt one, two, vel twain, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.
Decadum: ten, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, hundred, thousand, million.
Coniunctorum sunt eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen.
Ordinalium nomina singularia sunt.
Simplicium, first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth.
Decadum; tenth, twentieth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixtieth, seventieth, {n. p.} eightieth, ninetieth, hundredth, thousandth.
Coniunctorum: eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth.
Cap. 5.
De pronomine.
Pronomina hic quoque anomala quaedam sunt, in quibus non solum numeri, sed casus distinguuntur.
Pronomina primitiva sunt, aut derivativa.
Primitiva sunt demonstrativa, aut relativa.
Demonstrativa sunt I, thou, he, she: this, that.
Relativa: who, which, what, {B3} whose.
Derivativa: my, mine; thy, thine; his, her, hers; our, ours; your, yours; their, theirs.
Demonstrativa, Sing. Rect. I, Obl. me, Plur. Rect. we, Obl. us.
Sing. Rect. thou, Obl. thee, Plur. you, vel ye.
Sing. Rect. he, vel she, Obl. him, her, Plur. they, them.
Sing. this.
Plur. these.
Sing. that.
Plur. those.
Relat. Sing. Rect. who, Obl. whom, Plur. itidem.
Which, autem, what, et whose non variant, ut nec derivativa, quia ut natura sunt prononima adiectiva, sic eorum formam per omnia sequuntur.
Horum autem quatuor: I, thou, he, she, substantiva censentur, reliqua vero {n. p.} pro adiectivis habenda sunt.
Cap. 6.
De verbo.
Verborum est vox numeri cum tempore, et persona.
Formatio temporum unica hic est, et simplex.
In omni tempore pluralis idem est, cum prima persona singulari, preterquam in flexione verbi am.
Contractionibus fere utimur in carmine.
Praesens. 1. Hate. 2. Hatest. 3. Hateth. Plur. Hate, Hate, etc.
Contract 2. Hates, 3. Hates.
Secunda et tertia persona, formantur a themate, adiectione -st, et -th. {B4}
In forma contracta, voces tantum duae distinctae sunt, et contractionis grava semper parisyllabae, ubi secunda et tertia fiunt a prima additione -s.
Circumloquimur hoc praesens, plerumque per praesens verbi do, et praesens infinitivum, ut I do love, thou dost love, etc.
Huius praesentis anomala sunt sequentia haec, have, hast, hath. Pl. have, have, etc.
Am, art, is; Pl. are, are, etc. vel be, etiam aliquando in singulari will, shall, may, can, must, neque numerum aut personam variant, nisi forte in secunda persona singulari, wilt, shalt, mayst, canst.
Must, vero hoc solo tempore contentum videtur nec possunt haec explicari per periphrasin.
Praeteritum primum. 1. hated. 2. hatest. 3. hated. Pl. hated, ed, ed. Hoc tempus fit a themate addendo -d, si modo in {n. p.} vocalem exeat, vel -ed, si in consonam.
Secunda persona quando differt a reliquis, formatur a prima, accessione -st.
Crasis est penultimae et ultimae syllabae, in unam contractio quod fit dupliciter, primo eiiciendo -e, ex ultima, cuius illustre illud exemplum est.
Not Philip’s son, who all the world subdu’d,
Achilles ne, in Hector’s blood imbru’d:
Nor Hercules who monsters fiercely tam’d,
And of the earth the terror great was nam’d.
Not all the worthiest out which ever liv’d,
With this our peer, were worthy be compar’d.
Secundo reiciendo in ultimum, ut
As for the nightingale wood music’s king:
It August was she daynde [deigned] not then to sing. {n. p.}
Quorundam vero verborum contractio diversa est, non solum excidendo -e, sed et -d, commutando in -t, haud aliter quam Graeci plerumque solent, et ultimam diphthongi in penultima vocalem (si sit) tollendo, ut whipped, whipt; stripped, stript; dipped, dipt; fixed, fixt; wished, wisht.
At in sequentibus, weep, sweep, keep, leap, creep, steep, feel, meet, weet, lose, beat, shoot. Et in illis, quae praeter simplicem et contractam formam habent anomalam (ut a themate, smite, simplex forma praeteriti, smited; contracta, smit; anomal. smote. Sic bite, bited, bit, boote et write, writed, writ, wrote) Hanc contractionem longe frequentiori usu habemus quam simplicem, aut anomalam, et anomalam quam simplicem.
Simpliciter anomala sunt, quae non formant praeteritum, iuxta regulam analogorum: ut sit, sat; slay, slew; catch, {n. p.} caught; go, went; grow, grew; bid, bade; run, ran; throw, threw; begin, began; see, saw; give, gave; shine, shone; make, made; take, took; bring, brought; lead, led; read, read; feed, fed; come, came; leave, left; think, thought; fall, fell; draw, drew; shake, shook; hide, hid; teach, taught; know, knew; blow, blew; bind, bound; find, found; abide, abode; fight, fought; buy, bought; sell, sold; stand, stood; seek, sought; tell, told; work, wrought; hold, held; spread, spred; breed, bred; bleed, bled; eat, ate; rise, rose; owe, ought; have, had; do, did; am, was et plur. etiam aliquando in singulari, were.
Duplicem anomaliam habent haec: get, gat et got; drink, drank et dronk; steal, stale et stole; sink, sank et sonk; shrink, shrank et shronk; chide chid et chod; spin, span et spun; strive, strave et strove; {n. p.} wink, wank et wonk; speak, spake et spoke; tear, tare et tore; shear, share et shore; bear, bare et bore; wear, ware et wore; tread, trade et trode; spring, sprang et sprong; ring, rang et rong; stick, stack et stuck; sting, stang et stung; break, brake et broke; drive, drave et drove; swim, swam et swom; climb, clim et clome; ride, rid et rode; slide, slid et slode; sing, sang et song; stride, strid et strode; fly, flew et flow; win, wan et won: at horum praeteritum non est diversum a themate, set, put, shut, cast, cut, hurt, hit, spend, lend, rend, bend, send, nisi quod haec ultima convertunt -d, thematis in -t.
Detectiva sunt, can, could; will, would; shall, should; may, might; quia carent reliquis a praesenti, et praeterito infecto temporibus.
Circumscribi vero potest hoc tempus in omnibus verbis, per did praeteritum infectum, a do: et infinitum praesens {n. p.} praeterquam in anomalis: am, have, do et defectivis praefixis.
De praeterito secundo.
Secundum praeteritum per periphrasin loquimur participii praeteriti, et praesentis verbi have, ut I have hated, thou hast hated, he hath hated; plur. we have hated, ye have hated, they have hated.
De tertio praeterito.
Tertium praeteritum per idem participium, et imperfectum verbi have interpretamur, ut
I had hated, thou hadst hated, he had hated, plur. We had hated, ye had hated, etc.
De futuro primo.
Futurum primum idem est cum themate, postposita persona expressa, aut intellecta, ut hate thou, hate he. plur. hate we, hate ye, hate they.
De futuro secundo.
Futurum secundum circumscribitur syntaxi infiniti et praesentis verbi will vel shall: ut {n. p.} I shall vel will hate, thou shalt vel wilt hate, he shall vel will hate. Plur. we shall vel will hate etc.
De infinito.
Praesens idem quod thema, ut to hate, at am dat be.
Praeteritum secundum constat ex voce have et participii perfecto, ut to have hated.
Perfectum tertium ex infecto praeterito had, et eodem participio, ut to had hated.
De participio.
Praesens participium fit a themate apposito -ing, ut
hate, hating.
Participium perfectum idem cum imperfecto, et in sing, ring, spring, swing, swim, climb, win, sting, idem est cum imperfecto eorum anomalo secundo.
In tribus vero secundae contractionis, formatur participium hoc, a voce contracta, {n. p.} et literat -n, ut bit, bitten: smit, smitten: writ, written. Sic orta a praesenti, ut sit, sitten; sley, slain; grow, grown; bid, bidden; chide, chidden; shake, shaken; strive, striven; lie, lain; throw, thrown; begin, begun; see, seen; give, given; take, taken; fall, fallen; draw, drawn; hide, hidden; know, known; blow, blown; abide, abidden; rise, risen; do, done; drive, driven; eat, eaten; at come, come; et run, run.
Sequentia autem haec, ab imperfecto anomalo secundo nascuntur, ut got, gotten; spoke, spoken; drunk, drunken; broke, broken; trode, troden; wonke, wonken; sunk, sunken; shrunk, shrunken; stole, stolen; swore, sworne; tore, torn; shore, shorn; bore, borne; wore, worn; rid, ridden; stuck, stucken; slide, slidden; flow, flown et mow, mown; sow, sown. {n. p.} Am facit in participio praeterito, been.
Ut participia sic alia multa nomina ducuntur a verbis. A themate procedunt duo genera, quorum prius nihil ab eo discrepat, ut hate, et verbum est, substantivum, eiusdem significationis, sic fear verbum ut timeo, substantivum ut timor, item love, help, drink, et alia pleraque.
Alterum eorum est quae fiunt a themate, adnexu literae -r, referunque actorem sensus cognati, ut a love, lover; help, helper; write, writer. Imo, ex omni omnino themate. huiusmodi fiunt verbalia, exceptis defectis, et anomalo, am.
De verbo passivo.
Passiva verba, ut etiam Gallica, Italica, Hispanica, nullam certam flexionem admittunt, sed qualiscunque sit, constat ex perfecto participio et verbo. Am idque per omnia tempora, et personas, ut presens.
I am hated, thou art hated, he is hated. {n. p.} Plur. we are hated, ye are hated, they are etc.
Perfectum primum: I was hated, thou wast hated, he was hated. Pl. we were hated, ye were hated, they were hated.
Perfectum secundum: I have been hated, thou hast been hated, he hath been hated. Plur. we have been hated, ye have been hated, they have been hated.
Perfectum tertium: I had been hated, thou hadst been hated, he had been hated. Plur. We had been hated, ye had been hated, they had been hated.
Futurum primum: be thou hated, be he hated. Plur. be we hated, be ye hated, be they hated.
Futurum secundum: I shall vel will be hated, thou shalt vel wilt be hated, he shall vel will be hated. Plur. we shall vel will be hated, ye shall vel will be hated, they shall vel will be hated.
Infiniti praesens: To be hated. {C1}
Perfectum, to have been hated.
Plusquam perfectum, to had been hated.
Impersonalia fiunt a tertiis personis singularibus personalium praeponendo -it, ut it be seemeth, it is said.
Cap. 7.
De adverbio.
Adverbium est quod aliis vocibus adiicitur, ut well done.
Adverbia qualitatis ab adiectivis deducta in -ly, plurima sunt, ut purely, soberly, nam quot fere adiectiva, tot adverbia in -ly.
Adverbia nativa sunt, straight, soon, now, scarce, vel scarcely, so, yes, no, not, much, rather, where, whether, when, here, hither, oft, often, well, then, never, within, together, almost, as, hence, whence, always, ever, evermore, how, up, down, already, yet, yonder, still, {n. p.} seldom, little, enough, otherwise, except: et consimilia.
Huc referuntur etiam quae vulgo praepositiones appellantur, ut of, to, vel unto, from vel fro, before, against, at, about, without, between, beneath, besides, behind, by, through, nigh, after, beyond, until, with, towards, in, on, upon, under, aloft, above, et huiusmodi.
Huc etiam interiectiones, ut alas, alack, oh, woe.
Cap. 8.
De coniunctione.
Copulativa: ut and, also, neither, nor.
Connexiva: ut if, unless, except, else.
Discretiva: ut but, notwithstanding, {C2} nevertheless, although, besides.
Disjunctiva: ut either, or, whether, otherwise.
Causalis: ut for, because, that.
Rationalis: ut therefore, wherefore.
Etymologiae finis. {n. p.}
Cap. 1.
De syntaxi.
Hactenus Etymologiae explicatio fuit. Syntaxis sequitur. Syntaxis est pars grammaticae quae vocum in oratione structuram considerat.
De Apostropho.
Apostrophus est nota elisae ultimae vocalis, sequente interim a vocali exorsa, non tamen id semper, quia nonnisi in carmine, nec frequenter, sed quoties alias nimipedon esset, Index Apostrophi est huiusmodi apex ’ ut
What be the joys, for which t’enjoy,
they went to the pains? Echo. Pains? {C3}
Cap. 2.
De syntaxi nominis.
Adiectivum substantivum in oratione praecurrit, ut,
A yoked swine is a terrible beast. Hic yoked, et terrible praecedunt swine, et beast. At
contra fit nonnunquam in carmine, ut,
He bought a knife, a stone, a horn,
for shoe-horn had he none:
nor penknife good, or whetstone smooth
to grind his knife thereon.
Hic good sequitur penknife, et smooth whetstone. Caeterum in praedicatione qualitatis, de subiecto, ut res ratione, sic voces oratione disponi possunt, ut,
This knife is sharp.
In adiectivis haud obscura distincto est, {n. p.} inter one, et a: eaque multiplex.
Prima quod one unitatem certius denotat, magisque emphatice afferit, ut
one day doth store grief enough for the morrow.
Secunda est, quod One substantive saepius ponitur. A non item, ut one, two, three, four, five; non a, two, three, four, five.
Then straight one fetched the prisoner behung with robes about.
Non autem, then straight a fetched the prisoner, etc. Nisi man, vel aliud aliquod substantivum exprimas.
An pro a, sequente vocali utimur, ut an ox, an ass.
Distinctio inter none, et no, haec est, quod none elypsin semper substantivi patitur, ut
For no man dreads but he that cannot shift. {C4}
And none serves God but only tongue-tied men.
All, quamvis sit natura numeri pluralis, servire tamen videmus et singularibus, primo quae plurali carent, ut,
All flesh is grass.
Secundo integris, interveniente pronomine derivativo, aut adiectivo the, vel a et an, ut all this day, all their light, all my strength, all the time, all an apple, all a book.
Tertio sumpto collective, ut Gascoigne in Querela Philomelae.
All ill that may be thought,
All mischief under skies
Was piety compared to that
Which Tereus did devise.
Many etiam subiecto singulari gaudet, intercedente a vel an, ut
Full many a wound is given
Between them twain, with leaden lomps.
And many a stroke in vain: {n. p.}
And on their ribs full thick it thomps.
Cap. 3.
De pronominum syntaxi.
Pronomina adiectiva in syntaxi varie usurpantur, sex namque haec, my, thy, her, our, your, their, semper in eadem orationis parte, cum substantivo reperiuntur, at mine, thine, hers, ours, yours, theirs, et interrogativum who, superioribus, hoc uno distentiunt, quod semper substantive ponuntur, aut saltem a substantivo in oratione separantur.
Reliqua vero, ut who relativum, which, what, whose, this, that, omnimodo possunt explicari.
Sciendum est praeterea; quod haec pronominal my, thy, his, her, our, your, their, componuntur nonnunquam cum affixo nomine, -self, ut myself, thyself, {n. p.} his self, herself, ourselves, yourselves, their selves. et loquendi consuetudine, magis quam veritate rei dacti, dicimus himself et themselves, usurpantur autem fere post sua primitiva, ut I myself, thou thyself, he himself, et haec loquutia magis emphatica est, quam si nude diceres I, thou, he, etc.
Cap. 4.
De syntaxi adverbii, cum nomine.
Haec tria, of, to, from, vel fro, casuum quasi discrimina faciunt, of servit genitivo, to dativo, et pro maiori emphasi utimur unto, from vel fro ablativo, ut regis regum, of a king, of kings; regi regibus, to a king, to kings; rege regibus, from a king, vel from kings. Utimur etiam pro latinis adverbiis, ad, de, ut ad regem, de rege, a rege, to a king, of a king, from a king.
To etiam infinitivis preponitur, ut to {n. p.} fear, to be feared.
Cap. 5.
De syntaxi coniunctionis, cum verbo.
Be in presenti raro utimur, et fere semper post coniunctionem that, expressam, aut intellectam, ut
If that perfect constancy be the child of chance, let wisdom be counted the root of wickedness.
Huiusmodi vero loquutiones non videntur praecepto quadrare, ut suppose all men be honest, imagine pleasure be a companion of virtue. Veritas tamen semper et ubique eadem est, nam in his et huiusmodi exemplis elipsis est coniunctionis that, aut praepositionis to, si that, tunc be est praesentis iuxta regulam, si to, tum infiniti, et sic explenda est oratio. suppose that all men be honest, imagine that pleasure be a companion of virtue. Alias Suppose all men be honest, and pleasure to be a companion of virtue. {n. p.} Nam inerti, at vulgari solaecismo laborat haec oratio, I be negligent, thou be honest.
Idem de were imperfecto singulari, verbi am, dicendum est.
Atque haec sunt quae mihi iam olim de hisce rebus cogitanti, imprimis observanda occurrere, in quibus si quid est, quo tenella mea, seu nulla potius facultatula tibi usui esse potest, ex animo gaudeo. Sin, quod vereor magis, haec nostra ad stomachum non faciunt, quid et ipse in hoc genere poteris periculum facito.
Finis.
Vive, vale, si quid novisti rectius istis.
Candidus imperti, si non, his utere mecum. {n. p.}
Dictionariolum vocum Anglicarum, quae passim in libello occurrunt.
|
A |
|
to |
abide |
moror |
|
about |
circum |
|
above |
supra |
to |
accord |
consentio |
|
affairs |
negotia |
|
after |
post |
|
agility |
agilitas |
|
against |
contra |
|
alack |
ah |
|
alas |
hei |
|
almond |
amygdalum |
|
almost |
pene |
|
aloft |
superne |
|
already |
iamdudum |
|
also |
etiam |
|
although |
licet |
|
always |
semper |
|
am |
sum {n. p.} |
|
and |
et |
|
apparel |
vestitus |
|
apple |
pomuna |
|
as |
sicut |
|
ass |
asinus |
|
at |
apud |
|
authority |
aucthoritas |
|
B |
|
|
bacon |
lardum |
|
balm |
balsamum |
|
barbes |
phalerae |
|
barley |
hordeum |
|
bean |
faba |
to |
bear |
fero |
|
beast |
brutum |
to |
beat |
verbero |
|
beauty |
pulchritudo |
|
because |
quoniam |
|
before |
ante |
|
behind |
pone |
|
bellows |
folles |
to |
bend |
flecto |
|
beneath |
infra {n. p.} |
|
beseemeth |
decet |
|
besides |
praeter |
|
between |
inter |
|
beyond |
ultra |
to |
bid |
iubeo |
to |
bind |
ligo |
to |
bite |
mordeo |
|
black |
niger |
to |
bleed |
anguino |
|
blood |
sanguis |
to |
blow |
flo |
|
book |
liber |
|
bowels |
viscera |
|
branch |
ramus |
|
bran |
furfur |
|
brass |
aes |
|
bread |
panis |
to |
break |
frango |
to |
breed |
genero |
to |
bring |
duco |
|
brother |
frater |
|
bombast |
pillium |
|
but |
at {n. p.} |
|
butter |
butirum |
to |
buy |
emo |
|
by |
per |
|
C |
|
|
cage |
cavea |
to |
call |
voco |
to |
can |
possum |
|
canvas |
cannabum |
to |
cast |
iacio |
|
cates |
obsonia |
|
censure |
censura |
|
chaff |
palea |
|
chalk |
creta |
to |
chide |
iurgio |
|
child |
puer |
|
Christopher |
christopherus |
|
clark |
clericus |
|
clay |
lutum |
|
clemency |
clementia |
to |
climb |
scando |
|
clock |
horrologium |
|
club |
clava |
|
cider |
sicera {n. p.} |
|
city |
urbs |
|
civet |
zibethum |
|
cockle |
zizania |
to |
come |
venio |
|
companion |
comes |
|
condition |
conditio |
|
copper |
orichalcum |
|
corn |
frumentum |
|
cow |
vacca |
|
cowardice |
pusillaminitas |
|
crab |
arbutum |
to |
creep |
serpo |
|
crest |
crista |
|
crime |
culpa |
|
custom |
consuetudo |
to |
cut |
seco |
|
D |
|
|
darnel |
lolium |
|
day |
dies |
|
daily |
quotidie |
|
dainties |
delitiae |
|
deer |
fera |
to |
devise |
excogito {D1} |
to |
dip |
tingo |
|
dirt |
caenum |
to |
do |
ago |
|
doleful |
tristis |
|
dong |
fimus |
|
draff |
segisterium |
|
dream |
somnium |
to |
drink |
bibo |
to |
drive |
pello |
|
dross |
scoria |
|
dust |
puluis |
to |
dwell |
habito |
|
E |
|
|
earth |
terra |
|
eight |
octo |
|
eighth |
octavus |
|
eighteen |
octodecem |
|
eighteenth |
decimus oct. |
|
eighty |
octoginta |
|
eightieth |
octogessimus |
|
eleven |
undecem |
|
eleventh |
undecimus |
|
else |
praeterea {n. p.} |
to |
embrew |
tingo |
|
enough |
satis |
|
entrails |
vide bowels |
|
ever |
unquam |
|
evermore |
perpetuo |
|
evil |
malus |
|
evilly |
male |
|
except |
nisi |
|
F |
|
|
facility |
facilitas |
|
fair |
pulcher |
|
faith |
fides |
|
February |
februarius |
to |
feed |
pasco |
to |
feel |
tracto |
to |
fetch |
affero |
|
fiercely |
ferociter |
|
fig |
ficus |
to |
fight |
pugno |
to |
find |
reperio |
|
first |
primus |
|
fitch |
vicia |
|
five |
quinque {D2} |
to |
fix |
figo |
|
flax |
linum |
|
flesh |
caro |
|
flint |
silex |
to |
fly |
volo |
|
fodder |
pabulum |
|
food |
alimentum |
|
for |
pro |
|
forage |
vide fodder |
|
forty |
quadraginta |
|
fortieth |
quadragesimus |
|
four |
quatuor |
|
fourth |
quartus |
|
fourteen |
quatuordecem |
|
fourteenth |
decimusquartus |
|
France |
gallia |
|
frog |
rana |
|
from |
a, ab |
|
fro |
abs |
|
froth |
spuma |
|
frumenty |
alica {n. p.} |
|
G |
|
|
garlic |
allium |
to |
get |
paro, gigno |
|
ginger |
gingiber |
|
glass |
vitrum |
|
glove |
chirotheca |
|
glue |
gluten |
|
gnat |
culex |
|
godly |
pie |
|
godliness |
pietas |
to |
go |
eo |
|
good |
bonus |
|
goodness |
bonitas |
|
goose |
anser |
|
grass |
gramen |
|
grave |
sepulchrum |
|
grease |
adeps |
to |
grind |
molo |
to |
grow |
cresco |
|
H |
|
|
hay |
faenum |
to |
hang |
pendeo |
to |
have |
habeo {D3} |
|
he |
ille |
|
hell |
barathrum |
|
hemp |
canabus |
|
help |
auxilium |
|
here |
huc |
|
hers |
sua |
to |
hide |
occulto |
|
hind |
cerva |
|
his |
suus |
|
hither |
hic |
|
hog |
porcus |
to |
hold |
teneo |
|
honest |
honestus |
|
honestly |
honeste |
|
horn |
cornu |
|
horse |
equus |
|
hose |
caliga |
|
how |
quomodo |
|
hundred |
centum |
|
hundredth |
centesimus |
to |
hurt |
noceo |
|
I |
|
|
I |
ego {n. p.} |
|
if |
si |
to |
imagine |
reor |
|
in |
in |
|
invention |
inventio |
|
K |
|
to |
keep |
servo |
|
king |
rex |
|
knave |
nebulo |
|
knife |
cultrum |
|
knots |
nodi |
to |
know |
scio |
|
L |
|
|
lard |
vide bacon |
to |
lead |
duco |
to |
leap |
salto |
to |
leave |
desino |
to |
lend |
accomodo |
|
life |
vita |
|
lime |
calx |
|
line |
linum |
|
little |
parvus |
to |
live |
vivo |
to |
lose |
perdo {D4} |
to |
love |
amo |
|
louse |
pediculus |
|
lucre |
lucrum |
to |
lie |
iacio |
|
M |
|
to |
make |
facio |
|
malice |
militia |
|
man |
vir |
|
marl |
merga |
to |
may |
vide Can |
to |
meet |
obvio |
|
milk |
lac |
|
millet |
milium |
|
mirth |
hilaritas |
|
modesty |
modestia |
|
monster |
monstrum |
|
mortar |
caementum |
|
mouse |
mus |
to |
mow |
meto |
|
much |
multus |
|
mud |
limus |
|
muck |
vide dong |
|
mustard |
sinapis {n. p.} |
|
my |
meus |
|
mine |
|
|
N |
|
|
neither |
neque |
|
never |
nunquam |
|
nevertheless |
verum |
|
news |
nova |
|
nigh |
prope |
|
nine |
novem |
|
ninth |
nonus |
|
nineteen |
novendecem |
|
nineteenth |
decimus nonus |
|
ninety |
nonaginta |
|
ninetieth |
nonagesimus |
|
no |
non |
|
nor |
nec |
|
not |
minime |
|
notwithstanding |
attamen |
|
now |
iam |
|
nutmeg |
nux myristica |
|
O |
|
|
oar |
remus |
|
oat |
avena {n. p.} |
|
object |
obiectum |
|
of |
de, e, ex |
|
offence |
peccatum |
|
often |
saepe |
|
oh |
oh |
|
on |
super |
|
one, et an |
unus |
|
or |
vel |
|
otherwise |
secus |
|
old |
vetus |
|
our |
noster |
to |
owe |
debeo |
|
ox |
bos |
|
P |
|
|
parsley |
apium |
|
penknife |
scalpellum |
|
people |
populus |
|
pepper |
piper |
|
perfectly |
absolute |
|
phlegm |
pituita |
|
pitch |
pix |
|
place |
locus |
|
pleasure |
voluptas |
|
prisoner |
captivus {n. p.} |
|
purely |
sincere |
to |
put |
pono |
|
Q |
|
to |
quake |
tremo |
|
R |
|
|
rather |
potius |
|
raisin |
uvapassa |
to |
read |
lego |
|
reason |
ratio |
to |
receive |
accipio |
to |
rend |
lucero |
|
rhetoric |
rhetorica |
to |
ride |
equito |
to |
rise |
surgo |
to |
ring |
pulso |
|
rope |
funis |
to |
run |
curro |
|
S |
|
|
saffron |
crocus |
|
sage |
salvia |
to |
say |
dico |
|
scarce |
vix |
|
scissors |
forfex |
|
seven |
septem {n. p.} |
|
seventh |
septimus |
|
seventeen |
septemdecem |
|
seventieth |
septuagesimus |
|
seventeenth |
decimus septimus |
|
seventy |
septuaginta |
to |
seek |
quaero |
|
seldom |
raro |
to |
sell |
vendo |
to |
send |
mitto |
to |
set |
pono |
|
shadow |
umbra |
to |
shake |
quatio |
|
shambles |
micellum |
|
sheaf |
fascis |
to |
shear |
tondeo |
|
she |
illa |
|
sheep |
ovis |
to |
shine |
luceo |
to |
shoot |
sagitto |
to |
shrink |
contraho |
to |
shut |
claudo |
to |
sing |
canto {n. p.} |
to |
sit |
sedeo |
|
six |
sex |
|
sixth |
sextus |
|
sixteen |
sexdecim |
|
sixteenth |
decimus sextus |
|
sixty |
sexaginta |
|
sixtieth |
sexagesimus |
to |
slay |
trucido |
to |
sleep |
dormio |
to |
slide |
labor |
to |
slime |
vide mud |
to |
smite |
percutio |
|
smoke |
fumus |
|
smooth |
planus |
|
snake |
anguis |
|
so |
sic |
|
soberly |
sobrie |
|
soon |
cito |
|
soot |
fuligo |
to |
sow |
semino |
to |
speak |
loquor |
to |
spend |
consumo |
|
spice |
aroma {n. p.} |
to |
spin |
neo |
to |
spread |
pando |
to |
spring |
germino |
|
staff |
baculus |
to |
stand |
sto |
to |
steal |
furor |
to |
steep |
immergo |
|
stick |
igniculum |
|
still |
assidue |
to |
sting |
pungo |
|
stone |
lapis |
|
straight |
illico |
to |
strip |
exuo |
to |
strive |
certo |
|
strength |
fortitudo |
|
strong |
fortis |
to |
subdue |
subdo |
|
such |
talis |
|
suet |
sevum |
|
sugar |
saccharum |
|
swan |
cignus |
to |
swear |
iuro |
to |
sweep |
verro {n. p.} |
|
sweet |
dulcis |
to |
swim |
no |
|
swine |
sus |
|
T |
|
to |
take |
capio |
|
tallow |
vide suet |
|
tar |
vide pitch |
to |
teach |
doceo |
to |
tear |
lacero |
to |
tell |
narrow |
|
ten |
decem |
|
tenth |
decimus |
|
terrible |
horribilis |
|
terror |
terror |
|
that |
illud |
|
then |
tunc |
|
therefore |
idcirco |
|
thing |
res |
to |
think |
cogito |
|
third |
tertius |
|
thirteen |
tredecem |
|
thirteenth |
decimus tertius |
|
thirty |
triginta {n. p.} |
|
thirtieth |
trigesimus |
|
this |
hic, haec, hoc |
|
thou |
tu |
|
thousand |
mille |
|
three |
tres |
to |
throw |
iacto |
|
timber |
lignum |
|
time |
tempus |
|
tinder |
igniareum |
|
to |
ad |
|
together |
una |
|
tooth |
dens |
|
tow |
stupa |
to |
tread |
calco |
|
trencher |
quadra |
|
tweed |
tuesis |
|
twelve |
duodecim |
|
twelfth |
duodecimus |
|
twenty |
viginti |
|
twentieth |
vigesimus |
|
U/V |
|
|
virtue |
virtus |
|
under |
subter {n. p.} |
|
unless |
nisi |
|
until |
donec |
|
unto |
ad |
|
void |
vacuus |
|
upon |
supra |
|
W |
|
|
water |
aqua |
|
wax |
cera |
to |
wear |
gesto |
to |
weep |
ploro |
|
wet |
humecto |
|
well |
bene |
|
what |
quid |
|
wheat |
triticum |
|
whence |
unde |
|
where |
ubi |
|
wherefore |
quamobrem |
|
whither |
utrum |
|
whetstone |
cos |
|
which |
qui, quae, quod |
|
whip |
flagello |
to |
will |
volo |
|
who |
quis {E1} |
|
whose |
cuius |
|
wine |
vinum |
to |
wink |
niveo |
to |
win |
lucror |
to |
wish |
opto |
|
with |
cum |
|
within |
intus |
|
without |
foras |
|
wit |
ingenium |
|
woe |
vah |
|
work |
opus |
|
world |
mundus |
|
worthy |
dignus |
to |
write |
scribe |
|
Y |
|
|
yes |
etiam |
|
yet |
adhuc |
|
yoked |
iugatus |
|
yonder |
ibi {n. p.} |
Analysis grammatica, ad nostrae huius artis praecepta unice conformata.
I was as small as any straw,
When first I gan to grow,
Then, growing to a riper age,
My shape was changèd so.
Then took they me out of my place
Where I was born and bred,
And, when they saw my shape was turned,
They straight cut off my head.
This being done, then did I drink,
Whereby such force I had
I made sworn brethren deadly foes,
I made true lovers glad.
And this did I, and ten times more
I have and must do still,
Yet did I nothing of myself
But all against my will.
I) pronomen primitivum demonstrativum: Sing, I, Me, pl. We, Us, p. 14, l. 5.
was) Infectum anomalum thematis, am, personae {E2} primae, et numeri singularis, P. 19, l. 16.
as) adverbium nativum, p. 26, l. 19.
small) Adiectivum singulare, at gratia substantivi singularis: numeri differentiae alias non agnoscens, p. 9, l. 15.
straw) substantivum singulare, pl. straws, interponitur autem e ad difficultatem prolationis minuendam, p. 6, l. 16.
When) Adverbium nativum, p. 26, l. 17.
first) Adverbium numerandi, ortum ab adiectivo numerali eiusdem nominis.
gan) Infectum anomalum thematis gin, p 19, l. 3.
to) Adverbium praepositivum infinitis, p. 34, l. 23.
grow) Infinitum praesens praeteritum habens anomalum grew, p. 19, l. 1.
Then) Adverbium nativum, p. 26, l. 18.
growing) participium praesens a themate grow addito ing, p. 22, l. 15.
to) adverbium praepositivum, seu praepositio serviens. Substantivo age, p. 34, l. 15.
a) Vox numeralis, cardinalis, simplex in oratione consonam semper praecurrens, p. 31, l. 15.
riper) Gradus comparativus absoluti ripe, cuius superlativus est ripest, p. 10, l. 11. {n. p.}
age) Substantivum singulare, pl. ages.
My) pronomen derivativum, substantivo semper affixum, p. 33, l. 6.
changèd) infectum regulare a themate change, addendo d, p. 16, l. 23.
so) Adverbium nativum, p. 26, l. 16.
took) infectum praeteritum anomalum, a praesenti take, p. 19. l. 4.
they) pronomen primitivum; recti pluralis, Sing. rect. he: ob. him. pl. rect. they ob them, p. 14, l. 9.
me) obliqui singularis a recto I, pl. rect. we, obl. us, p. 14, l. 6.
of) praepositio serviens substantivo place, p. 34, l. 15.
born) participium praeteritum formatum a bore. anomalo secundo, infecti praeteriti, adiecto N, cuius thema est Bear. p. 23. l. 19. was born) periphrasis est praeteriti infecti, passivae vocis, p. 25, l. 3.
and) coniunctio copulativa, p. 27, l. 14.
bred) participium praeteritum, idem cum anomalo infecto, cuius thema est breed, p. 22, l. 17.
saw) infectum anomalum praesentis see, p. 19, l. 3.
was turned) periphrasis infecti passivi, {E3} p. 25, l. 3. Turned autem est perfectum participium idem cum infecto praeterito, p. 22, l. 17. A verbo turn, contrahitur autem carminis causa, p.17, l. 4.
straight) adverbium nativum, p. 26, L. 15.
cut) infectum anomalum idem cum themate, p.. 20, l. 14.
This) pronomen demonstrativum, pl. these, p. 14, l. 11.
being) participium praesens a praesenti, be, p. 22, l. 14.
done) participium perfectum factum a praesenti do, p. 23, l. 11.
did) infectum anomalum eiusdem thematis, p. 19, l. 15.
drink) thema: did drink periphrasis est infecti drank, vel dronke, p. 20, l. 22.
such) adiectivum.
force) substantivum.
had) infectum anomalum a verbo have, p. 19, l. 15.
made) infectum anomalum verbi make, p. 19, l. 4.
sworn) participium ortum ab infecto anomalo secundo swore, cuius thema est sweare, p. 23 l. 18. {n. p.}
brethren) substantivum plurale anomalum a singulari brother, p. 7, l. 3.
foes) substantivum plurale a singulari foe, p. 6, l. 15.
ten) adiectivum numerale contentum plurali, p. 12, l. 10. Convenit cum substantivo times.
must) praesens solum, et semper, p. 16, l. 18.
still et yet) adverbia nativa, p. 26, l. 21.
Who knoweth not in Greeks what faith there reigns,
Yet by one treason guess the residue,
Nay, by a thousand, for with thousand trains
Brewed hath your bane that faithless miser crew,
Then who to stop your passage erst took pains
Prepares he now his life to spend for you,
Who to you highways common t’all that live
Denied, will he his proper blood now give.
Analysis.
Who) Relativum plurale, Sing. et plur. rect. Who, ob: whom, p. 14, l. 15.
knoweth) tertia persona praesentis singularis, know, knowest, knoweth, p. 15, l. 15.
reigns) contractio tertia personae praesenits {E4} reigneth, p. 15, l. 17.
guess} futuri primi secunda persona pluralis, p. 21, l. 17.
Brewed) ut turned superius.
your) Non yours quia deponitur substantivum, p. 33, l. 6.
faithless) adiectivum ortum a substantivo faith; additione less, p. 9, l. 8.
Prepares) contractum ut reigns superius.
spend) infinitum praesens cuius infectum est spent, p. 20, l. 14.
t’all), apostrophus, p. 29, l. 10.
Denied) infectum analogum a themate deny: contrahitur secundario carminis gratia, p. 17, l. 19.
give) infinitum praesens cuius praeteritum est irregulare gave, p. 19, l. 3. Will give) est periphrasis secundi future, p. 25, l. 17.
Finis. {n. p.}