An Introdvction of the Eyght Partes of ſpeche, and the Conſtruction of the ſame, compiled and ſette fo𝔯the by the commaūdement of our moſt gracious ſouerayne lo𝔯de the king

AN INTRODVCTION OF THE EYGHT PARTES OF ſpeche, and the Conſtruction of the ſame, compiled and ſette fo𝔯the by the commaūdement of our moſt gracious ſouerayne lo𝔯de the king.

ANNO. MD.XLII. {n. p.}

HENRY THE .VIII. BY THE GRACE OF GOD KYNG of Englād, Fraunce, and Ireland, defendour of the feithe, and of the church of England, and alſo of Irelande, in erth the ſup𝔯eme hed, to all ſchoolemaiſters and teachers of grammer within this his realm greetynge. Emong the manyfolde buſines and moſte weyghty affay𝔯es, appertaynyng to our regall auctoritee and offyce, we fo𝔯gette not the tend𝔯e babes, and the youth of our realme, whoſe good education and godly b𝔯yngyng vp, is a greate furniture to the ſame and cauſe of moche goodneſſe. And to the intent that hereafter they may the mo𝔯e readily and eaſily attein the rudymentes of the latyne toung, without yͤ greate hynderaunce, which heretofo𝔯e hath been, th𝔯ough the diuerſitie of grammers and teachynges: we will and commaunde, and ſtreightly charge al you ſchoolemaiſters and teachers of grāmer within this our realme, and other our dominions, as ye intend to auoyde our diſpleaſure, and haue our fauour, to teache and learne your ſcholars this englyſſhe introduction here enſuing, and the latyne grammer annexed to the ſame, and none other, which we haue cauſed fo𝔯 your eaſe, and your ſcholars ſpedy p𝔯eferment b𝔯yefely and playnely to be compyled and ſet fo𝔯th. Fayle not to apply your ſcholars in lernynge and godly education. {n. p.}

TO THE REDER

ALBEIT THIS Realme of Englande hath iuſte cauſe to thynke it ſelfe moſte bounden to the goodnes of God, fo𝔯 manifolde and ſund𝔯y benefittes receyued of his ineſtimable boūtifulneſſe, yet if we wyl wey the iuſt valu of thynges in an equall balance, as a certayn wyſe Phyloſopher dyd, whiche affirmed that realme to be moſt happy, where as eyther a wiſe and a lerned man had the rule, o𝔯 the ruler applyed hym ſelfe to wyſedom, and lernynge: we may perceyue vs engliſhmen, in nothyng ſo fo𝔯tunate, as in that we haue a kyng 𝔈 gouernour, both of excellente wyſedome, lernyng and vertu, and alſo of great ſtudy 𝔈 diligence to encreace the ſame, whoſe kyngly qualities, whan they ſhal here after by ſuch godly monumentes, as his maieſty ſhal leaue behynd hym, appere ſo playnly to his poſteritie, as we now p𝔯eſently ſee thynges, many of them alredy don, ſom indoing, and mo ſhal ſee, which his maieſtie by the grace of god, entendeth hereafter to do: out of queſtyon al yͭ haue gone befo𝔯e hym, may wel appere but ſhadowes. And to leaue the large fieldes of his p𝔯yncely actes, wherein the wyſest 𝔈 beſt lerned myght walke tyll wyt and eloquence were bothe wery, what conſtant iudgement, 𝔈 what p𝔯ofound knowlege hath his maieſty ſhewed 𝔈 declared to all the wo𝔯ld, in this varietie of iugementes and lerninges? and what peynes, ſtudy and trauayle doth he take, to b𝔯yng thynges farre out of ſquare to a confo𝔯mitie, and to take good heede of Ch𝔯iſtis churche to lead his flock into {n. p.} the folde of tru doctrine, yͤ hurdels of yͤ ſame ſo wel vnderpyght, yͤ the wolues ſhal not be able to ouerth𝔯owe them? And as his maieſty purpoſeth to eſtablyſhe his people in one conſent and harmony of pure 𝔈 tru relygion: ſo his tender goodness toward the youth 𝔈 chyldhode of his realme, entēdeth to haue it b𝔯ought vp vnder one abſolute and vnifo𝔯me ſo𝔯te of lernynge. Fo𝔯 his maieſtie conſideryng the great encomb𝔯ance and confuſion of the yong and tender wittes, by reaſon of the diuerſity of grammer rules 𝔈 teachinges (Fo𝔯 heretofo𝔯e euery maiſter had his grāmer, and euery ſchole dyuers teachynges, and chaungyng of maiſters and ſcholes dyd many tymes vtterly dull and vndo good wyttes) hath appoynted certein lerned men mete fo𝔯 ſuche a purpoſe, to compile one b𝔯yef, plaine, 𝔈 vnifo𝔯me grāmer, whiche onely (al other ſet a part) fo𝔯 the mo𝔯e ſpedyneſſe, and leſſe trouble of yong wittes, his hyghnes hath commanded all ſholemayſters and teachers of grāmer within this his realme, and other his dominions, to teache their ſcholers. Nowe conſider you fathers in this realme, howe moche ye be boūd to ſuch a gratious kyng, whoſe care is not onely fo𝔯 you, but fo𝔯 your poſterity alſo, and your tēder babes. And you ſcholemaiſters of England, to whome the cure and education of tender youthe is commytted, with what great ſtudy and dylygence ought you to folowe the example of our moſt gratious ſouerayne? which among the infinite buſynes apperteinyng to his regall office, ſo erneſtly mindeth the wel b𝔯yngyng vp of youthe, in lernyng and vertue? Howe glad howe deſirous ought you to be, not only to do this his gracis cōmaūdment {n. p.} but alſo buſylye to applye your ſelues, to trade and b𝔯yng vp your ſcholers in good maners, in knowlege of tōges, and ſciences? And ſomewhat to declare vnto you the condition 𝔈 qualitie of this grammer, ye ſhall vnderſtand, that the .viii. partes of ſpech, and the Conſtruction of the ſame, be not here ſet fo𝔯th in englyſſhe at large, but compendyouſly 𝔈 b𝔯iefely fo𝔯 the weake capacitie of yong and tender wyttes. And therfo𝔯e if any thyng ſemeth here to want in this englyſhe Introductions, ye ſhall vnderſtande, it was left out of purpoſe, and ſhall be ſupplied in the latyn rules made fo𝔯 the ſame intent, whiche chyld𝔯en ſhal be apte to lerne, what tyme they ſhall haue competent vnderſtandyng by theſe fo𝔯mer rudimentes. You tender babes of Englande, ſhake of ſlouthfulnes, ſet wantonnes a parte, apply your wyttes holy to lernyng and vertue, wherby you maye doo youre duetye to god and your kyng, make gladde your parentes, p𝔯ofytte your ſelues, and moche auaunce the common weale of your countrey. Let noble p𝔯ynce Edwarde encourage your tēder hartes, a p𝔯ynce of greate towardnes, a p𝔯ynce in whome god hath pow𝔯ed his graces abundantly, a p𝔯ince framed of ſuche perfectnes of nature, that he is lyke by the grace of god, to enſue the ſteppes of his fathers wyſedome, lernynge, and vertue, and is nowe almoſt in a redyneſſe, to rounne in the ſame raſe of lernyng with you. Fo𝔯 whom ye haue great cauſe to p𝔯aye that he may be the ſoonne of a longe lyuyng father.

{n. p.}

AD PVBEM ANGLICAM

HEXASTICON.

O TVA parue puer non parua eſt gloria, Rex eſt

Commoda qui ſtudiis proſpicit ampla tuis.

Rex magnus tibi parue puer, Rex porrigit ultro

Dulcia nectareæ pocula grammaticæ.

Accipe munifici dulciſsima pocula regis,

Hæc hauri, hæc auidis faucibus ebibito.

GOD SAVE THE KYNG {n. p.}

AN INTRODVCTION

of the eighte partes of ſpeche.

IN ſpeche be theſe .viii. partes folovvyng.

Of the novvne.

A NOVVNE IS the name of a thyng that maye bee ſeen, felt, heard o𝔯 vnderſtand. As the name of my hande in latine is Manus. The name of an howſe, is Domus. The name of goodneſſe is Bonitas.

Of nownes ſome be ſubſtantiues ſome be adiectiues.

A nowne ſubſtantiue is, that ſtandeth by hym ſelf, and requireth not an other woo𝔯de to be ioyned with hym, as Homo a manne, and it is declyned with one article, as hic Magiſter, a maiſter, o𝔯 with twoo, as hic & hęc parens, a father o𝔯 mother.

Anowne adiectiue is, that can not ſtand by hym ſelfe, bur requireth to be ioyned with an other wo𝔯de, as Bonus good, Pulcher fay𝔯e. And it is declyned, ether with th𝔯ee termynations, as Bonus, bona, bonum, o𝔯els with th𝔯ee articles, as Hic hæc & hoc felix, happy, hic & hæc leuis, & hoc leue, lyght.

A nowne ſubſtantiue, either is p𝔯oper to the thyng, that it betokeneth, as Edouardus is my p𝔯oper name, {n. p.} O𝔯 it is common to mo, as Homo is a common name to al menne.

Noumbers of novvnes.

In nownes be two numbers, The ſyngular and the plurall. The ſyngular numb𝔯e ſpeketh of one as lapis, a ſtone. The plurall noumber ſpeaketh of moo than one, as lapides, ſtones.

Caſes of novvnes.

Nownes be declyned with ſyxe caſes ſyngularly 𝔈 plurally. The nominatyue, The Genityue, the Datiue, the Accuſatyue, the Uocatyue, and the Ablatiue.

The nominatyue caſe commeth befo𝔯e the verbe, and anſwereth to this queſtion who o𝔯 what, as Magiſter docet, the maiſter teacheth.

The genitiue caſe is knowen by this token of, and anſwereth to this queſtion, whoſe o𝔯 whereof, as Doctrina magiſtri, the learnyng of the maiſter.

The datyue caſe is knowen by this token to, and anſwereth to this queſtion, to whome, o𝔯 to what, as Do librum magiſtro. I gyue a boke to the maiſter.

The accuſatyue caſe foloweth the verbe, and aunſwereth to this queſtion, whom, o𝔯 what, as Amo magiſtrum, I love the mayſter.

The vocatyue caſe is knowen by callynge o𝔯 ſpeakyng to, as O magiſter, O maiſter.

The ablatyue caſe is commonly knowen by theſe ſygnes, in, with, th𝔯ough, fo𝔯, from, by, and than, as Cum magiſtro, With the mayſter.

Artycles.

Artycles be bo𝔯owed of the p𝔯onowne, and be thus declyned. {n. p.}

Genders of novvnes.

Genders of nownes be .vii. the Maſculine, the Feminine, the neuter, the common of two, the common of th𝔯e, the doubtfull, and the Epicene.

The maſculine gender, is declyned with this artycle hic, as hic uir, a manne.

The feminine gender is declyned with this artycle hæc, as hæc mulier, a woman.

The neuter is declyned with this article hoc, as hoc ſaxum, a ſtone.

The common of two is declyned with hic & hec, as hic & hec parens.

The common of th𝔯ee is declyned with hic hæc & hoc, as hic hęc & hoc felix.

The doubtfull gender is declyned with hic o𝔯 hæc, as hic uel hęc dies, a daye.

The Epicene gend𝔯e is declyned with one artycle, 𝔈 vnder that one artycle, both kindes be ſignified, as hic paſſer, a ſparowe, hæc aquila, an egle, both he 𝔈 ſhe,

The declenſons of novvnes,

There be fyue declenſons of nownes.

The firſt is, whan the genitiue and the datyue caſe ſyngular ende in æ diphthong, the accuſatyue in am, the vocatiue lyke the nominatyue, the ablatyue in a, {B} The nominatiue plural in æ diphthong, the genitiue in arum, the datiue in is, the accuſatyue in as, the vocatiue lyke the nominatyue, the ablatyue in is, as in example

The ſeconde is, whan the genitiue caſe ſyngular endeth in i, the datiue in o, the accuſatyue in um, the vocatiue fo𝔯 the moſte parte lyke the nomynatyue, the ablatyue in o. The nominatiue plurall in i, the genitiue in orum, the datyue in is, the accuſatyue in os, the vocatiue lyke the nominatiue, the ablatyue in is, as in example.

HERE IS TO be noted, that whan the Nominatiue endethe in us, the vocatyue ſhall ende in e, as Nominatiuo hic dominus, uocatiuo o domine. Except Filius, that maketh o fili, and deus, that maketh o deus. Whan the nominatiue endeth in ius, if it be a p𝔯op𝔯e name of a manne, the vocatyue ſhall ende in i, as nominatiuo hic Georgius, uocatiuo o Georgi. {n. p.}

NOTE ALSO that all nownes of the neuter gender, of what declenſon ſo euer they be, haue the nominatyue, the accuſatyue, and the vocatiue lyke in bothe numb𝔯es. And in the plurall noumb𝔯e they ende all in A, as in example.

Except ambo & duo, whiche make the neuter gender in o, and be thus declyned.

The thy𝔯de is, whan the genitiue caſe ſingular endeth in is, the datyue in i, the accuſatyue moſte cōmonly in em, and ſometyme in im, and ſometyme in bothe the vocatyue lyke the nominatiue, the ablatiue in i, ſometyme in e, ſometyme in bothe. The nomynatiue caſe pluralle in es, the genityue ſometyme in um, and ſometyme in ium, the datiue in bus, the accuſatyue in es, the vocatiue lyke the nominatyue, the ablatyue in bus, as in example, {B. ii.}

The fowerth is, whan the genitiue caſe ſyngular endeth in us, the datiue in ui, the accuſatiue in um, the vocatiue lyke the nominatiue, the ablatiue in u. The nominatyue plurall in us, the genitiue in uum, the datyue in ibus, the accuſatiue in us, the vocatiue lyke the nominatiue, the ablatiue in ibus, as in exaumple,

The fifth is whan the genitiue 𝔈 the datyue caſe ſyngular ende in ei, the accuſatiue in em, the vocatiue lyke the nominatiue, the ablatyue in e. The nomynatyue plurall in es, the genitiue in erum, the datyue in ebas, the accuſatiue in es, the vocatyue lyke the nominatiue {n. p.} the ablatiue in ebus, as in example.

The declinyng of adiectiues.

A nowne adiectiue of .iii. terminatyons is thus declyned.

There be beſides theſe certayn nownes adiectiues of an other maner of declynyng, whiche make the genitiue caſe ſyngular in ïus o𝔯 ius, and the datyue in i, whiche be theſe that folowe with they𝔯 compoundes.

In lyke maner be declyned totus, ſolus, and alſo ullus, alius, alter, uter, & neuter, Excepte that theie fyue laſte reherſed lacke the vocatiue caſe. {n. p.}

A nowne adiectiue of .iii. articles is thus declined.

Compariſons of novvnes.

Adiectiues, whoſe ſygnification maye encreaſe, o𝔯 be diminiſhed, receyue compariſon.

There be th𝔯ee degrees of compariſons.

The Poſityue betokeneth the thynge abſolutely without exceſſe as durus, harde. {n. p.}

The comparatiue excedeth ſomewhat his poſitiue in ſignification, as durior, harder: And it is fourmed, of the firſte caſe of his poſitiue, that endeth in i, by puttyng thereto or, and us, as of duri, hic & hæc durior & hoc durius, of Triſti, hic & hæc triſtior, & hoc triſtius, of Dulci, hic & hæc dulcior & hoc dulcius.

The ſuperlatyue excedeth his poſitiue in the higheſt degree, as duriſsimus, hardeſt: And it is fourmed of the fy𝔯ſt caſe of his poſitiue that endeth in i, by puttyng thereto ſ, and ſimus, as duri duriſſimus, triſti triſtiſſimus, dulci dulciſſimus.

From theſe general rules be excepted theſe that folowe.

And if the poſitiue ende in r, the ſuperlatiue is fo𝔯med of the nominatiue caſe, by puttynge to rimus, as pulcher pulcherrimus.

Alſo theſe nownes endyng in lis, make the ſuperlatyue by chaungyng is, into limus, as humilis humillimus, ſimilis ſimillimus, facilis facillimus, gracilis gracillimus, agilis agillimus, docilis docillimus,

All other nownes endyng in lis, do folowe the generall rule afo𝔯e goyng. {n. p.}

Of the Pronovvne.

A P𝔯onowne is a parte of ſpeche, muche lyke a nowne, whiche is vſed in ſhewyng o𝔯 reherſyng.

There be .xv. P𝔯onownes, Ego, tu, ſui, ille, ipſe, iſte, hic, is meus, tuus, ſuus, noſter, ueſter, noſtras, ueſtras.

To theſe may be added their compoundes, as egomet, tute, idem, and alſo Qui quę quod.

Theſe .viii. p𝔯onownes, Ego, tu, ſui, ille, ipſe, iſte, hic, and is, be p𝔯imitiues, ſo called fo𝔯 bycauſe they be not deriued of other. And they be alſo called Demonſtratiues, bycauſe they ſhewe a thyng not ſpoken of befo𝔯e.

And theſe .vi. Hic, ille, iſte, is, idem, and qui, be relatiues, becauſe they reherſe a thyng that was ſpoken of befo𝔯e.

Theſe .vii. Meus, tuus, ſuus, noſter, ueſter, noſtras, and ueſtras, be deriuatiues, fo𝔯 they be deriued of their p𝔯imitiues, Mei, tui, ſui, noſtri, and ueſtri.

There belongeth to a p𝔯onowne, theſe .v. thynges, Number, Caſe, and Gender, as are in a Nowne, Declenſon, and Perſon, as here foloweth.

The declenſons of pronovvnes.

There be foure declenſons of p𝔯onownes.

Theſe .iii. Ego, Tu, Sui, be of the fy𝔯ſte declenſon, and be thus declyned. {n. p.}

Theſe .vi., Ille, ipſe, iſte, hic, is, and qui, be of the .ii. declenſon, and be thus declyned,

Ille is declyned lyke iſte, and alſo ipſe, excepte that the neuter gend𝔯e in the nomynatyue caſe, and in the accuſatyue caſe ſyngular, maketh ipſum.

Ntō hic, hęc, hoc, Gtō huius, as afo𝔯e in the nowne. {C}

Lykewyſe quis and quid, be declyned, whether they be interrogatiues o𝔯 indefinites.

Where note that quid, is alwayes a ſubſtantiue of the neuter gender.

Theſe .v. Meus, tuus, ſuus, noſter, and ueſter, be of the .iii. declenſon, and be declyned as nownes adiectiues of .iii. terminations, in this wyſe.

{n. p.}

So is noſter, declyned, and tuus, ſuus, ueſter, except that theſe th𝔯e laſte, do lacke the vocatyue caſe.

Noſtras ueſtras and this nown cuias, be of the fourth declenſon, and be thus declyned.

Here is to be noted, that noſtras, ueſtras, and this nowne cuias, be called Gentiles, bycauſe they p𝔯operly betoken perteinyng to countreys o𝔯 nations, to ſectes o𝔯 factions.

A p𝔯onowne hath th𝔯e perſons.

The fy𝔯ſte ſpeaketh of hym ſelfe, as Ego, I, nos, we.

The ſeconde perſon is ſpoken to, as Tu, thou, uos, ye.

And of this perſon is alſo euery vocatyue caſe.

The thy𝔯de perſone is ſpoken of, as Ille, he, illi, they.

And therfo𝔯e all nownes, p𝔯onownes, and participles be of the thy𝔯de perſon.

Of a verbe.

A VERBE is a parte of ſpeche, declyned with mode and tenſe, betokenyng to do, as Amo, I loue: to ſuffer, as Amor, I am loued: o𝔯 to be, as Sum, I am.

Of verbes ſuch as haue perſons be called {C. ii.} perſonalles, as Ego amo, Tu amas. And ſuche as haue no perſons, be called imperſonalles, as Tædet, it y𝔯keth, oportet, it behoueth.

Of verbes perſonalles there be .v. kyndes, Actyue Paſſyue, Neuter, Deponent, and Common.

A verbe actyue endeth in o, as Amo, and by puttyng to r, may be a paſſiue as Amor.

A verbe paſſiue endeth in or, as Amor, and by puttyng away r, may be an actyue, as Amo.

A verbe neuter endeth in o, o𝔯 m, and can not take r to make hym a paſſiue, as Curo I renne, Sum I am.

A verbe deponent endeth in r, and yet in ſygnification is actyue, as Loquor uerbum, I ſpeake a woo𝔯de, o𝔯 neuter, as Glorior, I boſte.

A verbe common endeth in r, and in ſygnification is bothe actiue and paſſiue, as Oſculor te, I kyſſe the, Oſculor a te, I am kyſſed of the.

Modes.

There be .vi. Modes. The Indicatyue, the Imperatyue, the Optatyue, the Potencial, the Subiunctyue, and the Infinityue.

The Indycatyue mode ſheweth a reaſon true o𝔯 falſe, as Ego amo, I loue: o𝔯els aſketh a queſtion, as Amas tu? Dooeſt thou loue.

The Imperatyue byddeth, o𝔯 commaundeth, as Ama, loue thou.

The Optatyue wyſſheth o𝔯 deſy𝔯eth, with theſe ſignes, Would God, I p𝔯aye God, o𝔯 God graunt, as Vtinam Amem, I p𝔯aye God I loue.

The Potencyall mode is knowen by theſe ſygnes may, can, myght, would, ſhould, o𝔯 ought, as amem, I can o𝔯 may loue. {n. p.}

The Subiunctyue ioyneth ſentences togyther, as Cum amarem erā miſer, whā I loued I was a w𝔯etch.

The Infinityue ſignifieth dooyng, ſufferyng, o𝔯 beyng, and hath neyther numb𝔯e, no𝔯 perſon, no𝔯 nominatiue caſe befo𝔯e hym, and is knowen commonly by this ſygne to, as Amare, to loue. Alſo whan twoo verbes, come togyther without any nomynatyue caſe betwene theym, then the later ſhall be the Infinitiue mode, as Cupio diſcere, I deſy𝔯e to lerne.

There be mo𝔯eouer belongynge to the infinityue mode of verbes certayne voyces, called gerundes endyng in di, do, and dum, and haue bothe the actiue and paſſiue ſignification, as amandi, of louing, o𝔯 of being loued, amando, in louyng o𝔯 in being loued, amandum, to loue o𝔯 to be loued.

There be alſo perteynyng vnto verbes two Supines, the one endyng in tum, whiche is called the firſte Supine becauſe it hath the ſignification of the verbe actyue, as Eo amatum, I goo to loue. And the other in tu, whiche is called the later ſupine becauſe it hath fo𝔯 the moſte parte the ſygnification paſſiue, as Difficilis amatu, Harde to be loued.

Tenſes.

There be. v. Tenſes o𝔯 tymes. The p𝔯eſente tenſe, the p𝔯eterpluperfect tenſe, the p𝔯eterperfect, the p𝔯eterpluſperfect, and the future tenſe.

The p𝔯eſent tenſe ſpeaketh of the tyme that now is as Amo, I loue.

The p𝔯eterimperfecte tenſe ſpeaketh of the tyme not perfectly paſte, as Amabam, I loued o𝔯 dyd loue.

The p𝔯eterperfect tenſe ſpeketh of the time perfectly {C. iii.} paſt, with this ſigne haue, as Amaui, I haue loued.

The p𝔯eterpluſperfecte tenſe ſpeketh of the tyme mo𝔯e then perfectely paſte, with this ſygne hadde, as Amaueram, I had loued.

The future tenſe ſpeketh of the tyme to come with this ſigne, ſhall o𝔯 wyll, as Amabo, I ſhall o𝔯 wyl loue.

Perſons.

There be alſo in verbes .iii. perſons, in bothe numb𝔯es, as Sing.Ego amo I loue, tu amas thou loueſt, ille amat, he loueth. Plur. Nos amamus we loue, uos amatis ye loue, illi amant they loue.

Coniugations.

Uerbes haue .iiii. Coniugations, whiche be knowen after this maner.

The fy𝔯ſte coniugation hath a, long befo𝔯e re, and ris, as Amáre, amáris.

The ſeconde coniugation hath e, longe befo𝔯e re, and ris, as Docére, docéris.

The third coniugation hath e, ſho𝔯te befo𝔯e re, and ris, as Légere, légeris.

The fourth coniugation hath i, long befo𝔯e re, and ris, as Audíre, audíris.

Uerbes in o, of the fower Coniugations, be declyned after theſe exaumples.

Amo, as, amaui, amare, amandi, do, dum, amatum, tu, amans, amaturus, to loue.

Doceo, doces, docui, cere, docendi, do, dum, doctum, doctu, docens, docturus, to teache.

Lego, legis, legi, gere, legendi, do, dum, lectum, lectu, legens, lecturus, to reade.

Audio, audis, audiui, audire, audiendi, do, dum, auditum, auditu, audiens, auditurus, to here. {n. p.}

{n. p.}

{n. p.}

{D. i.}

{n. p.}

Here befo𝔯e we declyne any verbes in or, fo𝔯 ſupplyeng of many tenſes, lackynge in all ſuche verbes, we muſte lerne to declyne this verbe Sum, in this wyſe.

{D. ii.}